![]() We hope that readers will find this article of value, whichever classification of DCs they choose to use.Īctivated cDC: a cDC that has undergone activation and is capable of transmitting information to other immune and/or nonimmune cells. We further include a list of terms used in this review with our own definitions, which may differ from those of others (see the sidebar titled Terms and Definitions). As the laboratory mouse has been the model of choice to study cDCs, mouse studies feature prominently in this article, but we also discuss human cDCs and draw parallels across the two species. As clarified throughout this review, these cells best correspond to the ones originally discovered by Steinman & Cohn and are distinct from plasmacytoid cells (PCs), Langerhans cells (LCs), and monocyte-derived cells (MCs), which have all been called DCs in some contexts. We focus our discussion on the unique cell lineage that is nowadays called conventional or classical DCs (cDCs) (see the sidebar titled Terms and Definitions). Here, we review some of the principles of DC biology, referring back to historical notions while incorporating recent advances in our understanding of cell origin, diversity, and function. At the same time, a myriad of cells have been grouped under the DC umbrella, generating confusion as to what constitutes bona fide DCs and how to describe their functional attributes and the changes they undergo during their life span ( Figure 1). Since their discovery by Ralph Steinman & Zanvil Cohn ( 1) almost 50 years ago, more than 90,000 publications referring to dendritic cells have been deposited in PubMed, underscoring the enormous progress in the field. ![]() ![]() Found in all mammalian tissues, dendritic cells (DCs) are sentinel leukocytes that play a key role in the initiation and regulation of adaptive immune responses, as well as in innate immunity.
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